1. To prevent infection, we apply a broad-spectrum disinfectant to the hands of the technician and the feet of the client.

2. To soften the keratinized skin, apply a special product to the skin of the foot for 10 minutes.

3. While the keratinized layers of the skin are softening, we treat the area cuticles and the skin around the nail with special attachments ( see below).

4. We perform nail shape modeling and polishing nail plate (see below ). To significantly correct the length of the nail, we can use nail clippers.

5. Use a napkin to remove any remaining softener.

6. We remove the keratinized layer of skin, corns and calluses from the feet and fingers using the device using various attachments ( see below). There is no uniform procedure for performing a hardware pedicure. You can start the procedure from both the foot and the toes. You can treat both legs at once or one at a time.

7. We apply a decorative or medicinal coating to the nails.

8. Apply to nails softening oil.

The skin of the feet should be treated with the device by constantly moving the handle of the device, never stopping in one place and pressing, otherwise the client will experience a burning sensation. Nozzles are used, starting with coarse-grained ones, gradually moving to fine-grained ones and polishers. For

foot treatment, in hardware pedicure, carbide nozzles are used (for hardened, old corns) and sand (one-time) nozzles of varying abrasiveness.

Prices for attachments depend on their durability. The more expensive the nozzle, the longer it can be used, and cheap ones quickly wear out.

However, according to some craftsmen, inexpensive disposable (sand) nozzles made in China are practically not inferior to expensive European ones.

	Treatment of fingers in hardware pedicure. Treatment of the nail plate. Special cylindrical cutter for
	free edge. In order to prevent damage to nearby tissues, this attachment is coated with sapphire exclusively at the end.
	Cylindrical cutter with longitudinal perforated serrations made of stainless steel. Perfectly solves the problem of gryphosis. Can be used to process the free edge.
	Brush (brush) to clean the free edge.
Cuticle treatment.
	Spherical diamond bur. Convenient and safe to use.
	Only-clean cutter - a special cutter made of tool steel with a polygonal working surface for removing ptegirium. She can work as if she were dry. nail plate , and after applying the remover cuticles.
	Corundum cutter for polishing cuticles. Depending on the abrasiveness, it is used both in the cuticle area and for grinding the skin of the periungual space.
	Brush (brush) for polishing the cuticle after treatment with the only-clean nozzle. Apply cuticle remover before use.
Treatment of nail folds.
	Carbide needle cutter with fine cross cut - good helper in the fight against hard rollers. This cutter is suitable for making cuts during the treatment of an ingrown toenail.
	Diamond cutter with a truncated cone with a rounded end of varying abrasiveness. The choice of cutter abrasiveness depends on the condition of the skin. The rougher the skin, the larger the abrasive on its working part. The photo shows medium abrasive.
	Pear-shaped sapphire cutter. Works delicately on the skin, including the cuticle area. The abrasive of the sapphire head is medium or fine.
Treatment of calluses on toes.
	MonAlit diamond cutter - tornado. This cutter is manufactured using a unique technology, forming a monolithic structure consisting almost entirely of diamond grain. This cutter gently grinds the skin without injuring it, forming an ideal, smooth surface, while the skin DOES NOT HEAT! This attachment is indispensable when working with diabetic feet.
	Steel cutter, truncated cone, perforated. This cutter, despite its formidable appearance, can be safely used to speed up work.
	To work with core calluses you must have burs of different diameters(from 1mm to 3mm). When drilling the callus canal, we change the burs, starting with a larger one, gradually moving to a bur of a small diameter.	The foot is treated with a nozzle with a rubber base and replaceable caps of various diameters. The amount of abrasiveness of the caps depends on the condition of the feet. The photo shows a base with a diameter of 13 mm with an abrasive cap 080 (large abrasive). Possible options for abrasiveness of caps: 060 - super large, 080 - large, 150 - average, 240 or 320 - small.
	Nozzle with a rubber base with a diameter of 5 mm with a cap of 080 coarse abrasiveness.
	Very convenient nozzle for pedicure ! Base with a diameter of 11mm with interchangeable caps: 060-super-large, 080-large, 150-medium, 280-small. The surface area processed in one pass is larger than that of a base with a diameter of 13 mm.
	Carbide cutter with coarse, medium and fine cross-cut teeth.
	Carbide cutter with very large(blue ring), large(green ring), or small(red ring)cross O th by cutting teeth coated with titanium nitride. The finer the cut, the smoother the processed surface becomes.
	Steel cutter with longitudinal perforated notches. Used when working with hyperkeratosis.
	Carbide cutter, truncated cone with rounded end and coarse cross-cut. Effectively fights calluses. Black ring- extra-large cross-cut teeth.
	Carbide cutter with special spiral cutting. The cutting features are designed for efficient work on the legs and skin.
	Carbide pear-shaped cutter. Helps remove flaking. Recommended for diabetic foot. This nozzle can be used in two directions: a) lift the flaky skin in one direction,
	b) changing direction, gently cut.
	Diamond cutter MonAlit (sintered diamond) - tornado gently grinds the skin without heating it. Ideal for working with diabetic feet and treating interdigital areas.
Bullet-shaped silicone carbide grinder to create a perfectly smooth surface. The color of the nozzle depends on the abrasiveness of the grain.
	Removing corns. This cutter is recommended only for experienced craftsmen!
	A hollow cutter with a sharp edge is designed to loosen corns. To do this, a “notch” is performed.
	The reversible carbide cutter with cross cutting easily removes loose callus.
The stainless steel cutter also easily removes loose callus.
	Removal of core calluses.
	The carbide nozzle removes the keratinized layer of corns, opening access to the core of the callus.
	A hollow cutter processes the core callus.
	Using a perforated spherical bur, we drill out the callus. Using a bud-shaped diamond cutter, we grind the edges of the callus. Diamond cutter grit: large - green ring, average
- blue ring.
	Treatment of foot cracks.
	A rubber nozzle with replaceable caps is perfect for preparing the foot when treating cracks.
	The amount of abrasiveness depends on the condition of the calluses. The photo shows a large abrasive, base size 13mm. The nozzle with an 11mm rubber base and replaceable caps effectively removes the stratum corneum to gain access to cracks. On the picture
	150 - medium abrasive.
	Nozzle with a rubber base with a diameter of 5 mm with replaceable caps. The thinner the skin, the less abrasive should be.
	Using a truncated cone diamond cutter, we begin work directly on the cracks. In our work we use the upper and lower edges of the nozzle. Needle fissure cutter
	Made of stainless steel, multifunctional. In this case, we use it when processing the edges of a crack on the heel.
	The diamond bud cutter is perfect for safely and effectively treating cracks. This cutter is especially suitable for novice craftsmen. U diamond bud cutter
	With a cross-cut, you can use all planes in your work.
	Using a cylindrical cutter we grind the edges of the crack.
	A sintered diamond cutter is effective and convenient for grinding crack edges.
	A carbide cutter with a medium cross-shaped cut sands the skin well at high speed (about 20 thousand rpm).
	An alternative option for grinding is a diamond cutter with a rounded end. We select the grain size of the cutter depending on the condition of the skin.
	The final grinding and polishing is carried out using nozzles made of silicone carbide alloy or silicone without abrasive.

Silicone nozzle for polishing skin and nails.

If a girl wants to look attractive, then the pedicure procedure becomes as important as manicure and makeup. Even if you wear closed shoes, the feeling that your feet are well-groomed and you don’t have to blush during an unplanned visit will give you confidence and peace of mind. In addition, a pedicure will help , rough skin and other foot troubles

. As a result, you have well-groomed and healthy legs. For proper care it is not necessary to visit a salon to take care of your feet, conduct necessary procedures you can do it at home

. I do ballroom dancing, and the way my legs look is important to me. It’s expensive to go to the salon every week, so I easily mastered the necessary skills as a pedicurist at home. I share with you the most important points.

What do you need for a pedicure at home? Before you start your pedicure, make sure you have everything . Collect them all in one place so you don't have to look for any small items.

So you'll need a range of things

Finger separators.
Nail polish remover (use this to remove previously applied polish).
A hot tub (if not, use a basin) to steam your feet.
Shower gel.
Essential oils.
Towel.
Cream (scrub and cream for moisturizing feet).
Tweezers.
3 types of nail files: regular, abrasive and polishing.
Sticks from orange tree(remove the cuticle).
Pedicure scraper (if not, you can use pumice).
Foot massage mat.

What is the best way to steam your feet for a pedicure?

For the pedicure procedure, you need to prepare your feet. To steam your feet, use hydromassage foot bath or use a regular basin. Prepare (30°-40°C) warm water, it is important that it is tolerable, but not hot. Dissolve bath salts in water and add shower gel or shampoo. You can make a relaxing or tonic bath, depending on your desires and needs.

Remove and thoroughly wipe your feet with a towel. If you do not get the desired effect, repeat the procedure.

Let's start the pedicure

Treatment of feet and heels

primary goal - remove rough and flaky skin from the feet.

Apply the scrub cream to your feet, massage for a few minutes, then rinse with water. To remove calluses or rough areas that are sometimes left behind after a scrub, use a pumice stone, a special scraper or a file. After treating your feet and heels, wipe your feet dry terry towel. If they sweat frequently, apply deodorizing products. This procedure makes the heels soft and they will not peel.

Don't forget about hydration

The feet have a very small number of sebaceous glands, which do not sufficiently provide hydration. Care must be taken to ensure that the skin of the feet did not remain dry after cleansing .

Moisturizing is achieved by applying cream. Rub the cream thoroughly into the skin of your feet.

Pay attention to the heels, you need to use more cream for them.

Rub it from your heels to your toes, in this case you will get an additional massage effect. Remove excess cream with a slightly dampened towel . On clean skin It is advisable to apply a cream with a moisturizing effect every day before bed.

SPA pedicure at your home!

SPA pedicure at home is a pleasant, relaxing procedure. If you have enough time, you can do it at home yourself. Clean your feet from dead skin particles, moisturize and get good food legs you will succeed with this procedure.

Treat yourself, your loved one, to a SPA treatment : Pour warm water into a basin or small bath and add a few drops of essential oils (whatever you like) into it. Now place your feet there, and you can spend from 10 to 30 minutes in a relaxed state.

After softening the feet and steaming them, you can perform subsequent actions.

The second stage of the procedure is cleansing . It can be done at home using a special scrub. Different components of this scrub can serve as an abrasive. Salt particles are abrasive - in a scrub from sea salt. Rub it in with massage movements according to the attached instructions. It will mechanically remove rough tissue, and your feet will become smooth and soft.

Let's begin foot care with nutrition and hydration. You need to choose a cream that has these properties and suits your feet. Next, apply a thick layer of cream to your feet, wrap them in cellophane and put on your socks. It is recommended to keep this mask for 2 hours, so it is advisable to do it before bed and leave it until the morning.

I would like to note that there are SPA sets for pedicures that contain a set of creams with various care products.

Natural masks made at home are in no way inferior to purchased special creams.

Remove cuticles and prepare nails

There are 2 ways to do this: edged and unedged. The first is to trim the cuticle with tweezers, but it is unsafe. You can damage your skin, and in the worst case, get blood poisoning.

To remove cuticles without trimming, you need to apply a special product that will soften the skin. Then use orange sticks to push back the cuticles and remove dirt under the nails. Next, clean the surface of the nails from softened and adhered skin particles.

Nails are cut in a straight line with nail scissors or clippers. The nail shape will be square, this way will prevent ingrown toenails . Use a file to file down the cut and rough edges, from the edge to the center. You can also use a nail file to polish the nail surface and remove rough skin on your fingers.

A foot and heel massage wouldn't hurt.

There are many reflex points on a person’s feet; they are scattered over different areas of the foot and are responsible for some organ. Therefore, foot and heel massage promotes relaxation and improved well-being . Relieves muscle tension, relieves fatigue and headaches. Improves blood circulation in the legs.

It is better to start a massage after SPA treatments, when cleansing baths, hydration and nutrition are behind you and your legs are ready to relax. Start stroking the back of your foot. Movements should be smooth and superficial from the toes to the ankle. Then begin circular rubbing.

The outer and inner sides of the foot are stroked with the addition of comb-like techniques and vibration (impacts and shaking), alternating with stroking.

Fingers are massaged using the same techniques : rub and stroke from the plantar and back sides. Additionally, you also need to bend and extend, abduct and adduct your fingers.

Apply nail polish and you're done!

The final stage of a pedicure is applying a coating to the nails. What kind of coating you use is up to you. You can choose any shade of varnish. Some prefer nail strengthener polish . Many fashionistas prefer bright colors and create masterpieces in the form of painting on their nail plates.

Necessary degrease the nail surface from cream and cosmetics. Remove the remnants of previously applied varnish, cut or push back the cuticles of the nails and give them shape.
By using special toe separators, the varnish is easy to apply and does not smear.
Application colorless base will protect against toxins contained in colored varnish. In addition, your nails will become smooth and the polish will last longer.
After that Once the colorless base has dried, you can apply colored varnish.
Final stage - applying a fixative varnish, which will help preserve the varnish longer.

Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease that is accompanied by a huge number of complications. The most dangerous of them can be considered diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). According to the World Health Organization, this syndrome occurs in 15% of patients with diabetes for 5 years or more.

Diabetic foot syndrome - pathological changes nervous system, arterial and capillary beds, which can lead to the formation of ulcerative-necrotic processes and.

About 85% of such cases are trophic foot ulcers, the remaining part are abscesses, phlegmons, tendovaginitis and purulent arthritis. This also includes non-purulent destructive damage to the bones of the extremities - diabetic osteoarthropathy.

The main causes of diabetic foot syndrome

In diabetes, there is insufficient production of the hormone insulin, the function of which is to help glucose (sugar) reach the body's cells from the bloodstream, therefore, with its deficiency, over time, it disrupts the blood flow in the vessels, affecting the nerve fibers. Ischemia (lack of blood circulation) leads to impaired wound healing, and nerve damage leads to decreased sensitivity.

These disorders contribute to the development of trophic ulcers, which in turn develop into gangrene. Any cracks or abrasions turn into open ulcers, and hidden ulcers also form under calluses and keratinized layers.

The reason for the late start of treatment and amputation of limbs is that the patient for a long time does not notice the changes occurring, because most often he does not pay attention to his feet. Due to poor blood supply to the legs along with decreased sensitivity, the pain from cuts and abrasions is not felt by the patient and even an ulcer can go unnoticed for a long time.

Typically, damage to the foot occurs in those places that bear the entire load when walking; cracks form under the insensitive layer of skin into which infection enters, creating favorable conditions for the occurrence of a purulent wound. Such ulcers can affect the legs down to the bones and tendons. Therefore, eventually there is a need for amputation.

Globally, 70% of all amputations are related to diabetes, and with timely and consistent treatment, almost 85% could be prevented. Today, when the “Diabetic Foot” offices are open, the number of amputations has decreased by 2 times, the number of deaths has decreased, and conservative treatment is 65%. However, the real number of people with diabetes is 3-4 times higher than statistical data, since many are not aware that they are sick.

So, the reasons for the development of diabetic foot syndrome are:

decreased sensation in the limbs (diabetic neuropathy)
circulatory disorders in arteries and small capillaries (diabetic micro- and macroangiopathy)
foot deformity (due to motor neuropathy)
dry skin

Decreased sensation - diabetic distal neuropathy

The main cause of nerve damage is the constant effect of high levels of glucose on nerve cells. This pathology in itself does not cause tissue necrosis. Ulcers occur for other, indirect reasons:

Ulcers that form after micro-abrasions, cuts and abrasions heal very poorly, becoming chronic. Wearing uncomfortable and tight shoes aggravates skin damage. Trophic ulcers, growing and deepening, spread to muscle and bone tissue. According to research, the development of neuropathic ulcers in 13% of cases is caused by excessive thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis (hyperkeratosis), in 33% by the use of inadequate shoes, in 16% by treating the foot with sharp objects.

Impaired blood flow - diabetic macroangiopathy

Deterioration of blood flow through the arteries of the legs is associated with atherosclerotic plaques (see). Atherosclerosis, which causes damage to large vessels, diabetes mellitus It is difficult and has a number of features.

the lower parts of the leg are affected (arteries of the leg)
damage to the arteries of both legs and in several areas at once
starts at more early age than in patients without diabetes mellitus

Atherosclerosis in a patient with diabetes can cause tissue death and the formation of trophic ulcers independently, without mechanical impact or injury. An insufficient amount of oxygen enters the skin and other parts of the foot (due to a sharp disruption of blood flow), resulting in the death of the skin. If the patient does not comply with precautions and further injures the skin, the area of damage expands.

Typical clinical symptoms are pain in the foot or ulcer, dryness and thinning of the skin, which is highly susceptible to microtrauma, especially in the toes. According to research, the triggers for neuroischemic lesions are fungal infections of the feet in 39% of cases, treatment of the feet with sharp objects in 14%, and careless removal of ingrown toenails by a surgeon in 14%.

The most dramatic consequence of DFS is amputation of a limb (small - within the foot and high - at the level of the leg and thigh), as well as the death of the patient from complications of the purulent-necrotic process (for example, from sepsis). Therefore, every diabetic patient should know the first symptoms of diabetic foot.

Signs of diabetic legs

The first sign of complications is a decrease in sensitivity:
- vibration first
- then temperature
- then painful
- and tactile
The appearance of ) should also alert you
A decrease or increase in the temperature of the feet, that is, a very cold or hot foot is a sign of poor circulation or infection
Increased leg fatigue when walking
Pain in the legs - at rest, at night or when walking certain distances
Tingling, chilliness, burning sensation in the feet and other unusual sensations
Changes in the skin color of the legs - pale, reddish or bluish skin tones
Reduction of hair on the legs
Changes in the shape and color of the nails, bruises under the nails are signs of a fungal infection or nail injury that can cause necrosis
Long healing of scratches, wounds, calluses - instead of 1-2 weeks, 1-2 months, after healing of the wounds, permanent dark marks remain
Ulcers on the feet - do not heal for a long time, surrounded by thin, dry skin, often deep

You should examine your feet weekly while sitting on a chair in a mirror placed below - you can simply examine the toes and top of the foot, pay attention to the space between the toes, feel and examine the heels and sole using a mirror. If any changes, cracks, cuts, or non-ulcer pathologies are detected, you should contact a podiatrist (foot specialist).

Patients with diabetes should visit a specialist at least once a year and have the condition of their lower extremities checked. If changes are detected, the podiatrist prescribes medicinal treatment to treat the feet, the angiologist performs operations on the vessels of the legs, if special insoles are required, then an angiosurgeon is required, and special shoes - an orthopedist.

Depending on the predominance of a particular cause, the syndrome is divided into neuropathic and neuroischemic forms.

Sign	Neuropathic form	Neuroischemic form
Appearance of legs	The foot is warm Arteries are palpable Color may be normal or pinkish	The foot is cold (may be warm if there is an infection) Hair is falling out on the shins Rubeosis (redness) of the skin Bluish redness of the sole.
Ulcer localization	Area of increased mechanical load	Areas of worst blood supply (heel, ankle)
The amount of fluid at the bottom of the wound	The wound is wet	The wound is almost dry
Soreness	Very rarely	Usually pronounced
Skin around the wound	Often hyperkeratosis	Thin, atrophic
Risk factors	Diabetes mellitus type 1 Young age Alcohol abuse	Elderly age History of coronary heart disease and strokes Smoking High cholesterol (see)

Groups at risk for developing VDS

Diagnosis of diabetic foot syndrome

At the first signs of trouble, a patient with diabetes should consult a specialist and describe in detail the symptoms associated with diabetic foot. Ideally, there is a “Diabetic Foot” office in the city with a competent podiatrist. If this is not the case, you can contact a therapist, surgeon or endocrinologist. An examination will be performed to make a diagnosis.

Treatment of diabetic foot syndrome

All complications of diabetes are potentially dangerous and require mandatory therapy. Treatment of diabetic foot should be comprehensive.

Treatment of trophic ulcers with good blood flow in the limb:

Careful treatment of the ulcer
Unloading the limb
Antibacterial therapy to suppress infection
Compensation for diabetes mellitus
Rejection of bad habits
Treatment of concomitant diseases that prevent ulcer healing.

Treatment of trophic ulcers with impaired blood flow (neuroischemic form of diabetic foot):

All of the above points
Restoring blood flow

Treatment of deep trophic ulcers with tissue necrosis:

Surgery
If there is no effect - amputation

Treatment of trophic ulcers

After examination and examination, the doctor removes tissue that has lost viability. As a result, the spread of infection is stopped. After mechanical cleansing, it is necessary to rinse the entire surface of the ulcer. Under no circumstances should treatment with brilliant green, iodine or other alcohol solutions, which further damage the skin, be allowed. For rinsing, use saline solution or mild antiseptics. If, during wound treatment, the doctor detects signs of excess pressure, then he may prescribe unloading of the sore limb.

Unloading the limb

The key to successful treatment of an ulcer is the complete removal of the load on the wound surface. This important condition is often not met, since the pain sensitivity of the leg is reduced and the patient is able to lean on the sore leg. As a result, all treatment turns out to be ineffective.

for leg ulcers, it is necessary to reduce the time spent in an upright position
for wounds on the dorsum of the foot, you should wear street shoes less often. It is allowed to wear soft house shoes.
for ulcers on the supporting surface of one foot, unloading devices are used (immobilizing unloading bandage on the lower leg and foot). Contraindications to wearing such a device are deep tissue infection and severe limb ischemia. We must not forget that orthopedic shoes, suitable for prevention, are not suitable for unloading the foot.

Infection suppression

Healing of trophic ulcers and other defects is possible only after the infectious process has subsided. Washing the wound with antiseptics is not enough; long-term systemic antibiotic therapy is necessary for cure. In the neuropathic form of DFS, antimicrobial agents are used in half of the patients, and in the ischemic form, such drugs are necessary for everyone.

Glucose compensation

A significant increase in blood glucose levels causes the appearance of new trophic ulcers and complicates the healing of existing ones due to nerve damage. With the right glucose-lowering medications, insulin pumps or insulin doses, diabetes can be controlled, reducing the risk of diabetic foot to a minimum.

Rejection of bad habits

Smoking increases the risk of atherosclerosis of the vessels of the leg, reducing the chances of saving the limb. Alcohol abuse causes alcoholic neuropathy, which, together with diabetic nerve damage, leads to trophic ulcers. In addition, drinking alcohol eliminates stable compensation of carbohydrate metabolism, as a result, glucose levels in drinking patients are constantly elevated.

Treatment of concomitant diseases

Many diseases and conditions, unpleasant in themselves, become dangerous with diabetes. They slow down the healing of trophic ulcers, increasing the risk of gangrene and foot amputation. The most undesirable companions of diabetes include:

anemia
unbalanced and insufficient nutrition
chronic renal failure
liver diseases
malignant neoplasms
therapy with hormones and cytostatics
depressive state

In the conditions described above, treatment of diabetic foot syndrome should be especially careful.

Restoring blood flow in the lower extremities

In the neuroischemic form of diabetic foot syndrome, blood flow is so impaired that healing of even the smallest ulcer becomes impossible. The result of this process sooner or later is amputation. Therefore, the only way to save the limb is to restore vascular patency. Drug restoration of blood flow in the legs is often ineffective, so for arterial insufficiency, surgical methods are usually used: bypass surgery and intravascular operations.

Surgical treatment of purulent-necrotic processes

cleansing and draining deep ulcers. In case of a deep ulcer, a drainage is placed at its bottom, through which the outflow of secretions occurs. This improves healing.
removal of non-viable bones (for osteomyelitis, for example)
plastic surgery for extensive wound defects. Replacing damaged skin with artificial skin is widely used.
amputations (depending on the level of damage they can be small or high)

Amputation of a limb is a last resort measure used when the patient’s general condition is severe or other treatment methods have failed. After amputation, restorative treatment and compensation for diabetes mellitus are necessary for better healing of the stump.

Basic rules for foot care

Preventing the development of diabetic foot syndrome is much easier than curing it. Diabetes is a chronic disease, so careful foot care should become a daily habit. There are several simple rules, compliance with which significantly reduces the incidence of trophic ulcers.

The main problem for a diabetic patient is choosing shoes. Due to decreased tactile sensitivity, patients wear tight, uncomfortable shoes for years, causing irreversible skin damage. There are clear criteria by which a diabetic patient should select shoes.

THE RIGHT SHOES	WRONG SHOES
Genuine leather, soft, there should be no rough seams inside (check with your hand)	Cloth shoes - do not keep their shape
Loose, suitable for fullness, size and lifting height	Tight, inappropriate in size (even if the shoes don’t feel too tight)
Shoes with wide, closed toes to prevent pinching of toes. House slippers with a closed heel and toe, the heel is higher than the heel.	Shoes with open noses or “narrow-toed”, sandals, flip-flops, in which it is easy to injure your foot. There should be no open noses or straps between the fingers, as this will injure the fingers.
Wearing shoes with cotton sock	Wearing shoes on bare feet or a synthetic sock
Heel from 1 to 4 cm	Shoes with high heels or on a flat sole - nerves and blood vessels are injured, and the foot is deformed.
Selection of shoes based on a cardboard blank (foot outline outlined on paper)	Select shoes only according to your feelings. You can't expect shoes to wear in; shoes should be comfortable from the moment you buy them.
Regular change of shoes	Wearing shoes for more than 2 years
Customized shoes	Using someone else's shoes
It is recommended to buy shoes in the afternoon. It is better to choose shoes for swollen, tired feet, then they will suit you at any time.	Don't try on or buy shoes early in the morning

There are several more important rules foot care for diabetes:

Hyperkeratosis (keratinization of the skin) in areas of increased mechanical pressure is a provoking risk factor for the formation of ulcers. Therefore, preventing their development includes treating problem areas of the foot, removing hyperkeratosis, and using nourishing and moisturizing foot creams. The keratinized areas are removed mechanically with a scaler or scalpel without damaging the skin layer, only by a doctor.

Just 10-15 years ago, any ulcer on the foot of a diabetic patient sooner or later led to amputation of the limb. Reduced activity as a result of mutilation surgery caused a number of complications, and life expectancy decreased significantly. Currently, doctors are trying their best to save the leg and return the patient to his normal lifestyle. With active participation in the treatment of the patient himself, this formidable complication has a very favorable prognosis.

Frequently asked questions for an endocrinologist

Is it true that diabetic foot formation is impossible with type 1 diabetes?

No, the risk of developing DDS depends only on the duration of diabetes. It is more difficult to control glucose levels in type 1 diabetes, which is why complications often develop.

I have been suffering from diabetes for 12 years. Recently a wound appeared on my big toe. After treatment with lotions and Vishnevsky ointment, liquid began to ooze from the wound. I don’t feel pain, can I postpone visiting the doctor?

Using ointments that do not allow air to pass through is a big mistake. Due to this, the wound on your leg has become infected, so a visit to the doctor cannot be postponed!

Six months ago, she underwent amputation of her left foot due to the ischemic form of DFS. A week ago, the stump became swollen and turned cyanotic. What does this mean and what should be done?

There are 2 options: relapse of circulatory problems and infection of the stump. Urgent consultation with a surgeon is necessary!

Do you need orthopedic shoes for diabetes?

If there is no damage to the feet or they recover quickly, it is enough to wear very comfortable regular shoes. If trophic ulcers often bother you, and the bones and joints of the foot are deformed, then without special orthopedic shoes not enough.

Can a person with type 2 diabetes take hot baths?

It is undesirable to take hot baths due to the risk of burns or overheating of the limb, which will lead to the development of diabetic foot.

I’m afraid of amputation, so I don’t go to the doctor about several ulcers on my legs, I’m treated with traditional methods. How often are legs amputated in cases of SDS?

Percentage of amputations in Lately is falling rapidly. Powerful antibiotic therapy, cleansing the ulcer and maintaining hygiene allows you to save the limb in most cases. Radical measures are taken only when the patient’s life is threatened. Timely contact with a specialist increases the chances of a favorable outcome.

They complain of fatigue and pain in their feet. Why does it come in the fall and how to get rid of it? master of manicure and pedicure at the Moscow beauty salon "On Pokrovka" Ada KODZASOVA.

Despite the fact that in the summer the legs undoubtedly rest, they appearance deteriorates noticeably. The soles of the feet become coarser, the nails acquire a matte tint, and the heels resemble sandpaper in their roughness. And the foot itself becomes wider.

Autumn is the time when you should take care of your feet especially carefully, because after summer relaxation your feet are at risk of stress: closed shoes, heels, and therefore fatigue. Pain in the feet affects your gait and affects your mood. On the surface of the feet there are receptors associated with the functions of the entire body.

Regular visits to the pedicure salon are a kind of panacea, but this is not available to every woman. I would advise you to visit the salon once in the fall and get a full pedicure from an experienced specialist, and then maintain the condition of your feet yourself.

If the soles of your feet are not neglected, then you can get by with home remedies.

So, pedicure at home. Its frequency depends on the condition of the skin of the legs. If it is satisfactory, then in the autumn-winter season you can resort to a pedicure once every two months; for problem legs, it should be done once every three to four weeks, but not more than once every 15 days.

The first stage is the treatment of the feet. First, your feet should be steamed in warm water with the addition of liquid soap, soda or sea salt. Wipe the steamed feet thoroughly and remove excess keratinized skin from the feet. There are many ways to remove it. A pumice stone, a wooden spatula, or a metal foot file are suitable for this purpose. I would recommend using a foot grater. It polishes the skin much softer, does not irritate the surface of the foot and does not disturb the structure skin. It is used to remove excess skin, like a regular pumice stone.

The skin is scraped off with a wooden spatula and a file. Next, apply a thin layer of any fortified scrub to your feet and thoroughly rub it into your feet with your fingers or using the same grater. Then lower your feet into the water again, but at a cooler, pleasant temperature. Pause for 5-10 minutes and then rinse with cool water. If your feet are neglected, this procedure can be repeated, but no more than three times. Its goal is to remove corns, which most often have the appearance of very rough skin. When neglected, they interfere with walking freely and cause pain and burning.

Scraping the top layer of skin, that is, corns or their precursors, should not cause pain. If pain occurs, the procedure should be stopped immediately.

Many women suffer from heel spurs. They are usually painless, but from an aesthetic point of view they spoil the appearance of the leg. The reason for their appearance is still unknown. But the removal methods are the same as for corns. True, on vertical surface The skin on the feet is much thinner and requires more gentle scraping. To make the spurs turn white, you can wipe them with a cut of fresh potato or apply grated fresh potatoes for 10-15 minutes.

The next step is the treatment of fingers and nails. For this you will need a cuticle gel. The gel-cutics that have appeared in abundance are extremely effective. They have a moisturizing effect, stimulate nail growth, improve the condition of the cuticle - the soft tissue at the base of the nail that covers bottom part nail plate. As a rule, cuticles are part of a nail care program. The gel is applied to the bottom of the nail and rubbed into its base. You can, by peeling back the skin, drop a drop of this drug into the base of the nail using a pipette. olive oil and massage the nail plate.

While the cuticle gel is absorbed, which will take 5-7 minutes, take care of your nails. They should be given a slightly square rather than sharp shape, never cutting out the corners. The corners of the nails can only be carefully filed. Sand your filed nails if necessary. Only thick, uneven surfaces should be sanded. nail plates with rough grooves.

Then use a manicure spatula to push away the treated skin around the nail - if the cuticle is thin and not overgrown, it will come off as a thin film. If the cuticle cannot be removed in this way, remove it using nail scissors without touching the skin.

Then - foot contrast baths. Prepare two bowls: hot (38 - 40o) and cold water(28 - 30o). Immerse your feet in hot water for 1.5 - 2 minutes, then in cold water for 15 - 20 seconds. Repeat this procedure 3 - 4 times.

After the bath, rub your soles with a rough cloth or dry, hard washcloth. You can massage your feet as follows: moisten your hands with vegetable oil or lotion and rub your feet on both sides with strong movements, moving up, from toes to ankle, from ankle to knee, then down - lightly tapping your fingers.

The final procedure of a home pedicure is applying a soft nourishing cream. Creams with special markings “for feet” are well suited for this purpose. If you apply polish to your nails, be careful not to let the cream get on your nails. It is better to apply the cream before covering your nails with varnish - while you are painting your nails and the varnish is drying, the cream will be perfectly absorbed. The proposed pedicure at home is designed for feet without calluses. Calluses that appear should not be neglected. The fight against all types of calluses: on the soles, fingers and in the interdigital folds that arise from incorrectly selected shoes requires an additional procedure.

Nowadays, keratinized areas of skin are often steamed and cleaned with a safety razor. Many women use this method at home, and it is also offered by pedicurists. This has no doubt effective method quick removal calluses have one significant drawback. After mechanical scraping with a razor, the roots of the calluses usually remain, and calluses form again after two to three weeks. Therefore, experienced pedicurists not only clean the callus with a razor, but then remove the root itself.

A more suitable method at home is to cut out the steamed calluses with nail clippers, without leaving a root in the callus. The procedure should be repeated several times, with a break a day, until the calluses completely disappear. Cutting requires special care and skill so as not to injure the skin next to the calluses.

If the callus is deep, before resting at night, steam your feet in hot water, wipe dry, tie a lemon peel with a small amount of pulp to the callus. It's better to use the edge of a lemon. In the morning, repeat removal.

If calluses occur frequently, you should make it a rule to regularly, at least twice a week, take hot foot baths with the addition of concentrated chamomile infusion. These baths are wonderful. prophylactic. Calluses must first be removed. Nightly foot baths should be herbal, with aromatic oils or with the addition of acidic agents: apple cider vinegar, lemon juice. Alkaline detergents and soda are used for steaming only during pedicure.

If you rub your feet with tight shoes until redness, swelling, and water blisters appear, then immediately disinfect the wounds with a strong solution of potassium permanganate. Then lubricate the damaged areas with brilliant green. Feet require nutrition - once a week you should do foot masks. Foot masks made from blue clay are especially good. The diluted paste is applied to the feet. After drying, the clay is washed off with warm water and the feet are nourished with cream.

If your feet are extremely dry, you can make a mask from rich cream. The domestic cream "Amber" is perfect for this. The cream is applied in a thick layer and left on the feet for at least 30 minutes. Removing excess cream, you can massage your feet.

Don't forget to take care of your feet every day, especially if they are tired? Wear only soft, comfortable shoes made from genuine leather. Narrow shoes with straps that tightly tighten your feet and high, unstable heels should not be worn every day.

If you know folk remedies for treating feet at home, please write in the comments below.

Not only their beauty, but also the health of the body depends on the condition of our legs. In order to have smooth feet, you need to constantly monitor them and do them at home cosmetic procedures for legs. The simplest procedures - various baths, masks or compresses - will return lightness and beauty to your legs.

Foot baths

Loosening bath

Before treating your feet for a pedicure, take a loosening bath to soften thickened skin and effectively treat problem areas. To do this, add 1 tablespoon of crushed soda to warm water. laundry soap And ammonia– for 2 l. water. Bath time is 15 minutes. You can also use essential oils for additives.

Bath with herbal infusion

Softening baths

Rough skin is softened and smoothed by a warm bath of a mixture of thick oatmeal decoction - 500 ml. per bath and 1 tablespoon of pine extract.

Pour 1 liter. boiling water 3 tablespoons of a mixture of nettle and St. John's wort. Let it brew for about 20 - 30 minutes, strain and add the broth to the bath.

Milk bath

A milk foot bath will make your skin feel velvety. For this purpose 1 l. Add hot milk to the foot basin. Duration: 20 minutes, then wipe your feet dry and lubricate your feet with lemon. This perfectly softens the skin.

Aromatic bath

Mix 3 drops of lavender oil, 2 drops of bergamot oil, 2 drops of tea tree oil, dissolve the mixture in 50 ml. any thick bubble bath. Then pour hot water into a bowl and pour the resulting mixture into it. Immerse your feet in the basin for 10 minutes, then wipe dry and lubricate with cream. Course 1 – 2 months 2 – 3 times a week. Recommended for hands and feet affected by fungi.

Palm baths

People believe that the willow has healing properties, and willow foot baths relieve pain and fatigue in the legs. In the old days, collecting willow was allowed only after Palm Sunday.

Recipe 1

willow bark (crushed) – 200 g,
boiling water – 10 l.

Leave for 1 hour. Keep your feet in a warm infusion for 30 minutes.

Recipe 2

willow bark – 30 g,
oak bark – 30 g,
boiling water – 3 l.

Leave for 1 hour. The duration of the procedure is 30 minutes.

Palm foot baths should be done for 10 days and the course repeated after 2 weeks.

Contrast bath

If your legs are tired, then contrast baths can help relieve tension quickly. To do this, lower your legs alternately into hot and cold water for 10–15 seconds. And so 10 times. The procedure ends with cold water.

Sea salt bath

A warm foot bath with the addition of sea salt (2 tablespoons of salt per 3 liters of water) will relieve tired feet.

Paraffin foot mask

The procedure begins with thorough cleansing, then a scrub is used, after which a moisturizing or softening cream is rubbed in. Then they move on to a bath with paraffin, which should not be scalding, but very warm and pleasant. Next, the leg is either immersed in the bath for a few seconds, then removed from it for a few seconds. And so 4 – 5 times until the leg is gradually covered with paraffin. Then they pull it on the leg plastic bag, and put socks on top. After 10 - 15 minutes, remove the paraffin and apply foot cream again.

A paraffin mask is indispensable for dry, cracked and sweaty feet.

Remedies for cracks and calluses on heels

Puree for cracks

Cracks can be healed with applesauce. Peel the apples, cut into cubes, pour in a small amount of milk and boil until a paste forms. Apply the puree to the cracks in a thick layer, on top gauze bandage. Keep the compress for 30 minutes and rinse with warm water.

An ancient remedy for cracked heels

Alcohol – 1 tbsp. l.
Castor oil – 1 tbsp. l.
Talc – 4 tsp.
Chamomile flowers – 1 tsp.

Grind chamomile flowers into powder. Wash your feet in warm water and soap, rub your feet with a pumice stone using light rotational movements. Dry your feet thoroughly. Lubricate the cracks first with alcohol, then with castor oil. Mix talc with chamomile and powder your feet with this mixture. Cream "Swift-footed fallow deer"

4 drops ylang-ylang oil, 2 drops lavender oil, 1 drop oil nutmeg, mix 2 drops of orange oil with 5 ml. full-fat body milk. Apply the cream to your feet, do not rinse off.

Rough skin on heels

If the skin on the heels is rough, then you need to make compresses from fresh tomatoes. Rough areas of skin are wiped with a piece of tomato or a slurry of tomato puree is applied to them.

Mask "Pumpkin"

Remedy for rough skin on the feet.

For the mask, mix finely grated orange pumpkin (it contains more vitamin A) with corn oil and apply to steamed legs for 30 minutes.

Blue clay mask

Dilute blue clay warm water. Apply the mixture to your feet and wait until it dries. Wash off the mask with warm water and lubricate your feet with nourishing cream.

Folk remedies for calluses and corns

For calluses on the soles, you should make a soap and soda bath, then put a propolis cake on the callus, cover it with a plaster and wear it for three days. After three days, repeat the bath and clean off the callus. The flatbread is made from 1 teaspoon of propolis (soft consistency) and 0.5 teaspoon of butter.

Often calluses and abrasions on the feet make a person irritable, leading to rapid fatigue and physical pain when walking.

1 Pouring your feet with cold water every day helps with corns. 2 You can use tea tree oil against corns. Every evening after a shower, rub the oil into problem areas of the skin. After a couple of days, steam your feet and remove dead skin with a brush. 3 Finely chop the cabbage, add a little vegetable oil, apply an even layer on a gauze bandage. Apply to the keratinized area of the foot for 20–30 minutes. 4 An old callus can be painlessly removed by applying compresses made from bread crumbs soaked in vinegar to it at night for 8 days. 5 On old, deep calluses, after a bath at night, apply a piece of aloe leaf or lemon peel with pulp for 2 - 3 days. 6 Mix ground onion with a crushed head of garlic, apply to the callus for about 30 minutes, then steam your feet and treat with pumice. To soften the skin, lubricate with olive oil. 7 Apply celandine juice to calluses in the morning and evening for a week. Then steam the skin and remove the corns. If this period is not enough, then continue the procedures until the result is obtained. 8 If the callus is deep, then you need to steam your feet in hot water in the evening, wipe it, and tie a lemon peel with a small amount of pulp to the callus. In the morning the procedure should be repeated.

Remedies for excessive sweating of feet

First of all, careful hygiene: daily washing feet, especially between the toes, cleaning the nails, polishing the soles with pumice until the dead tissue is completely removed, or using ex-foliants for the feet. Don't forget that you need to dry your feet with a dry towel.

We can recommend the use of a special deodorant that can successfully combat the smell of sweat and prevent the growth of bacteria due to the presence of active components in its composition that have a cleansing and disinfecting effect. These are often extracts from plants such as sage, lavender or bloodroot. Don't forget to wear cotton socks, which should be washed in detergent, which has a bactericidal effect. You can also use an aerosol shoe deodorant that has a fresh, light, but long-lasting scent. This deodorant effectively combats unpleasant smell and even has a beneficial effect on a person’s well-being.

You need to take daily 10-minute foot baths with the addition of a decoction of oak bark and horsetail.

It is useful to use anti-sweat powder or a pencil.

Baths with sage and oak bark eliminate sweating and secretory odors of the feet, with willow - relieve pain, with chestnut - swelling.

Recipes for excessive sweating of feet

1 When the soles sweat excessively, fungi often settle on them. The skin smells unpleasant, small blisters and diaper rash appear on it. For treatment, special antifungal ointments are used. Before using these products, be sure to consult your doctor! 2 For home treatments, you can use essential oils and plants that have an antifungal effect. 3 Areas affected by fungus can be lubricated essential oils bergamot, laurel, tea tree, rosemary, cinnamon, thyme. 4 Mix 2 drops of rosemary oil, 3 drops of sage oil, 3 drops of thyme oil with 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil and apply to the affected areas.

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