Why does it take much more effort to raise a child today than 10-15 years ago? As it turns out, the main problem is Negative influence media and TV on society, and especially on children. Today, children are left to their own devices - the Internet, watching TV, print media, electronic media, computer games, the street, discos. This is what young people are doing today. There is no need to talk about the contents of the Internet; everyone knows perfectly well that anyone can find everything there to suit their needs.
What does the entertainment industry offer children?
TV products for younger children – .
Comparison of several Russian and Western cartoons with approximately similar plots.
"Wait for it"– constant competition in cunning - who will outwit whom, peaceful coexistence; And "Tom and Jerry"– mocking jokes, propaganda of violence and the advantage of the strong over the weak.
"The Scarlet Flower"– beauty, tenderness, responsibility, loyalty, kindness; And
– physical and moral deformity. In the cartoon, animal abuse is presented as a harmless joke. Inflating snakes and frogs, exploding birds, eggs in nests.
"Shark Tale" Is this a show about an underwater prison? No, it's children's cartoon! And what a colorful name! He gathered so many spectators! Are these funny balls? No, these are Barash, Krosh, Nyusha, Losyash - some kind of prison nicknames instead of normal names. Of all the more or less standard series, the story about the “Black Lovelace” is of particular interest!?? It is unlikely that before this cartoon your children knew who a ladies' man was. Don’t worry, if they didn’t even know such a word, then after watching this “masterpiece”, this question will definitely arise. And if you cannot explain this to them, there will be those who will definitely enlighten them on this issue.
It’s unlikely that anyone would argue that today’s children are very different from the children of the 90s of the last century. Modern parenting goes beyond the ordinary.
Information technologies and electronic media often replace books and textbooks. Children's toys are increasingly reminiscent of robots from fantasy dreams; you can play with them virtually.
There is a significant gap interpersonal relationships in family. But children, just like in the last century, want to be needed and loved by their parents, and parents see the future of their children in rosy colors.
In order for the aspirations of parents to become reality, we need to stop and think that children cannot climb alone in this complex, incredibly fast-paced life, and take an active part in modern parenting.
Modern parenting: relationships between generations
In order for educational work to have a tendency to success, first of all learn to respect the child. The little “prince” or “princess” deserves the same respect as your work colleagues. Listen to their statements, do not criticize, especially since in some issues modern children are smarter than you and me.
A new approach to raising children considers all issues of modern society.
Try to be an example for your child. Children absorb the behavior of adults, elevating it to the status of their own. Watch what games your child plays while sitting at the computer or with friends in the yard. Help your child learn to distinguish good friends from random, destructive individuals. It is especially important that on the threshold adolescence the child was adapted to society and could distinguish the main facets and nuances of modern society.
Modern parenting involves instilling in the child independence and initiative. Don't overprotect your children from minor troubles. Give them the chance to make their own decisions and take responsibility for them. Allow him to show and carry out his initiatives, even if sometimes they end unsuccessfully, the child will feel his own importance and learn a lesson.
We can talk a lot about the methods and principles of raising modern children. Today there are many contradictory and not always adequate methods. But there is no such thing as a completely bad method. Each contains its own grain of truth. Moreover, each method modern education children is based on significant research and many years of analysis of the behavior of the younger generation.
Raising children according to Torsunov
Today, among many parents and teachers, Torsunov’s method of raising children is very popular. The author believes that personality is formed from the experiences of previous lives. According to his theory, there are personal categories assigned to a child by the very fact of birth. The categories are divided into four types - scientists (prone to study and research), managers (prone to leadership), traders and business executives (practical and wanting to get rich), craftsmen (practitioners). There is a fifth type - losers. These include people who did not receive a decent upbringing in childhood, whose parents failed to help the child demonstrate his abilities.
The Torsunov method of raising children provides 4 ways of influencing a child.
Parenting according to the first method involves cooperation between children and parents. It is based on development individual personality child with the presence of parental authority.
The second way of raising children according to Torsunov is education in passion. The method is incentive, i.e. education with material interest.
Spoiling children belongs to the third method of education - education in ignorance.
Impersonal upbringing, in which complete indifference is shown towards the child, belongs to the fourth type.
Vedic culture considers all these options from the perspective of the abilities that are inherent in a person at the level of past lives. At the same time, modern upbringing of children should take into account these abilities and develop them in the appropriate direction.
Obedience and further development of personality are based on the principle of listening. Hearing penetrates the mind, and it controls the psyche and will. Therefore, parents must teach their child to listen and hear. The parents’ own positive example is a standard for the child.
The new approach to raising children essentially has the same moral foundations, but they are determined by different dogmas and formulations.
The main focus of this method is reasonable love for your child
Raising children according to Kushnir
Asher Kushnir is a famous Russian-speaking rabbi who conducts courses of popular video lectures on modern parenting. In his lectures, Kushnir recommends that parents systematically learn this process. The majority of people raise their offspring using the methods of raising their parents. Sometimes, children grow up in families where either established methods of education at the level of past generations reign, or educational process missing completely.
Insisting on teaching parents methods of modern child rearing, Kushnir recalls that teachers learn to raise children for 5 years in higher educational institutions. Without basic knowledge about raising their child, parents often face various difficulties. Problems arise especially acutely when their child enters adolescence.
On the issue of raising children, Kushnir insists on teaching children in schools about family communication. In addition, the author of the methodology draws attention to the fact that the method of unconditionally subordinating children to their parents is considered obsolete at the current level of development of society. But a replacement method has not yet been developed.
Therefore, the rabbi’s advice is aimed at a reasonable approach to any modern method education. Parents should criticize and analyze their concepts.
Kushnir considers raising children to be the most important issues modernity. He calls for wisely following traditions and taking into account the knowledge of modern psychology.
Litvak on raising children
When raising children, different methods and different approaches still fundamentally imply friendly forms.
In raising children, Litvak uses the “sperm method” he developed. The basis of the method is the principle of penetration, pressure and the ability to maneuver. When raising a child, Litvak advises to proceed from the fact that you can teach through reverse action. Litvak considers the style of suppression unacceptable. When using his method of raising children, Litvak believes that in the initial stage of his method a negative process is possible. No need to stop. Go ahead and you will make significant progress in raising your children.
IN modern society there are many different currents. A new approach to raising children can sometimes be risky. But you can listen to each method, take the best of them and use it in raising your children.
Under
A.S. Makarenko, A.S. Makarenko
– discipline technique;
– self-government technique;
- technique of punishment.
Subjects and objects of pedagogical design.
Let's start with the subjects . They are the active participants in project activities. First of all, it is worth mentioning here that in pedagogical design subjects become both adults and children.
Depending on the type and purpose of the project activity subjects may act:
Educational and creative groups
Staff of the educational institution
Professional or online community
Education managers
The teaching staff of the institution.
Objects of pedagogical design are:
Personal potential of the teacher;
Teacher education system;
Pedagogical situation;
Holistic pedagogical process(unity of goals, content, forms, methods, means and techniques).
Pedagogical projects at the design stage. Contents
Teacher education system in our country is presented today in the form of a multi-level education project.
The basis for its design is the standards of higher (or secondary) specialized education. The standards reflect three main blocks vocational training teacher:
- general cultural(philosophy, logic, political science, sociology, cultural studies, language, etc.);
- psychological-pedagogical;
- subject-methodical(introduction to the specialty, etc.).
3. Design of pedagogical systems, processes and situations – complex multi-stage activity. It is implemented as a series of sequential stages. In essence, design in this case embodies general idea into detailed specific actions.
How the pedagogical process is designed ?
Design traditional pedagogical process, classic lesson might look like this:
A clearly formulated topic of the lesson;
Specific definition of the purpose of the lesson;
Identification of educational objectives in accordance with the topic and purpose of the lesson;
Determining the equipment necessary for the effectiveness of the lesson (visuality, sound accompaniment of the lesson, etc.);
Determining the main course of the lesson;
Conclusions on the topic;
Creative assignment for home;
Summing up the lesson - asking the children what they liked, what interested them, who worked actively, etc. Thanks to the children for a good lesson.
Let's also look at an example designing extracurricular educational activities. His project will roughly look like this:
Event theme
Determining the venue, its design
Scenario of the evening
The final stage evenings (what will remain as a memory).
How to design a pedagogical system ?
The design of a pedagogical system can be carried out in several options:
Educational school project
Draft school development concept
Let's look briefly at each of these options.
Educational project of the school. To develop it you need to do approximately the following work:
1. Conduct a diagnosis of schoolchildren and their parents in order to find out what they would like their school to be like.
2. It is necessary to correctly find out which children of which nationalities and confessions study at school in order to determine the characteristics of communication, upbringing, religion and nationality (it is incorrect to celebrate only the holiday of Christian Christmas if Catholic children also study at school).
3. Develop a project of mass activity forms that would interest children and parents.
4. Draw up a joint program of school affairs.
5. Establish open connections between the school and other institutions in the neighborhood, city or region.
The concept of the content of education and the principles of its formation
Under content of education one should understand the system of scientific knowledge, practical skills, as well as ideological and moral-aesthetic ideas that students need to master in the learning process; this is that part of the social experience of generations that is selected in accordance with the goals of human development and is transmitted in the form of information to him.
General principles formation of educational content
1. Humanity ensuring the priority of universal human values and human health, free development of the individual.
2. Scientific, manifested in accordance with the knowledge proposed for study at school latest achievements scientific, social and cultural progress.
3. Sequences, which consists in planning content that develops in an ascending line, where each new knowledge builds on the previous one and follows from it.
4. Historicism, meaning the reproduction in school courses of the history of the development of a particular branch of science, human practice, coverage of the activities of outstanding scientists in connection with the problems being studied.
5. Systematicity, which involves considering the knowledge being studied and the skills being formed in the system, constructing all training courses and the entire content of school education as systems included in each other and in the general system of human culture.
6. Connections to life as a way to test the effectiveness of the knowledge being studied and the skills being formed, and how universal remedy reinforcing education with real practice.
7. Age appropriate and the level of preparedness of students who are offered to master this or that system of knowledge and skills.
8. Availability, determined by the structure of curricula and programs, the way scientific knowledge is presented in educational books, as well as the order of introduction and the optimal number of scientific concepts and terms studied.
General education at school should be combined with technical and labor training and promote the professional orientation of students. General education is aimed at mastering the fundamentals of the most important sciences about nature and society, developing a worldview and moral and aesthetic culture. Technical education introduces students in theory and practice to the major branches of industrial production.
Requirements for the content of education in a secondary school are determined state strategy for education development. There are two aspects to the content of education: national and universal. The general principles for determining the content of education are: humanization, differentiation, integration, widespread use of new information technologies, the formation of a creative personality as a condition and result of a full-fledged, multi-component learning process.
Theories of educational content organization
Supporters material education share the point of view of Ya.A. Comenius, according to which the main goal of the school is to transfer to students as much knowledge as possible from various fields of science. Graduate good school, should become encyclopedic educated.
Many famous teachers of the 19th century were supporters of material education. Encyclopedic model was accepted in most prestigious educational institutions in Europe, in particular in Russian classical gymnasiums. Along with the undoubted advantages, material education also has disadvantages. This is a weak connection between courses that are overcrowded with educational material that is not always necessary for student development. Under these conditions, the teacher is forced to hastily and often superficially teach the subject; training programs can only be drawn up according to a linear scheme.
In contrast to representatives of encyclopedism, supporters didactic formalism(Locke, Pestalozzi, Kant, Herbart) aimed not so much at students mastering factual knowledge, but at developing their minds, their abilities for analysis, synthesis, logical thinking, A the best remedy for this they considered the study of Greek and Latin languages, mathematics, while underestimating the importance of the humanities for the formation of a comprehensive developed personality.
K.D. Ushinsky criticized the theories of formal and material education, arguing that it is necessary not only to develop students, but also to equip them with knowledge and teach them to use it in practical activities.
Didactic utilitarianism(D. Dewey, G. Kershensteiner, etc.) proceeds from the priority of the student’s individual and social activities. He must engage in those activities that allowed civilization to reach the modern level. Therefore, attention needs to be concentrated on constructive activities: teaching children to cook, sew, introduce them to handicrafts, etc. Information of a more general nature is concentrated around these utilitarian knowledge and skills. Didactic utilitarianism had a strong influence on both the content and methods of the American school.
Problem-complex theory, proposed by the Polish scientist B. Sukhodolsky, involves studying individual school subjects not separately, but comprehensively, making problems the subject of students’ cognitive activity, the resolution of which requires the use of knowledge from various fields. This theory has many similarities with the “project method” known in the history of pedagogy.
The content of training, according to the Polish professor of pedagogy K. Sosnicki, should be organized in the form of a lattice of large structures containing the main system-forming components. Hence the name of the theory - structuralism. This is the only way to avoid content overload and reduce the volume educational material without compromising the quality of training. In high school, one should abandon the principles of systematicity, consistency and historicism, organizing structures according to a logical principle. This principle is applicable only when studying precise subjects.
Verbal teaching methods
These methods occupy a leading place in the system of teaching methods and allow the shortest possible time convey a large amount of information, pose problems to the trainee and indicate ways to solve them.
Verbal methods are divided into the following kinds: story, explanation, conversation, discussion, lecture, work with a book.
1. Story method involves an oral narrative presentation of the content of educational material. From a pedagogical point of view, the story should:
– ensure the ideological and moral orientation of teaching;
– include a sufficient number of vivid and convincing examples and facts;
– have a clear logic of presentation;
– be emotional;
- to be available;
– reflect elements of the teacher’s personal assessment and attitude to the facts and events presented.
2. Under explanation one should understand the verbal interpretation of patterns, essential properties of the object being studied, individual concepts, phenomena.
Explanation- This is a monologue form of presentation.
Using this method requires:
– precise and clear formulation of the task, the essence of the problem, the question;
– consistent disclosure of cause-and-effect relationships, argumentation and evidence;
– use of comparison, juxtaposition, analogy;
– attracting bright examples;
– impeccable logic of presentation.
3. Conversation– a dialogic teaching method in which the teacher, by posing a carefully thought-out system of questions, leads students to understand new material or checks their assimilation of what has already been learned.
Types of conversations: introductory or introductory, organizing conversations; conversation-messages or identification and formation of new knowledge (heuristic); synthesizing, systematizing or consolidating.
During the conversation, questions can be addressed to one student ( individual conversation) or students of the whole class ( frontal conversation).
One type of conversation is interview.
The success of conversations largely depends on the correct formulation of questions, which should be brief, clear, and meaningful.
4. Main purpose educational discussion in the learning process - stimulating cognitive interest, involving students in active discussion of different scientific points of view on a particular problem, encouraging them to comprehend different approaches to the argumentation of someone else's and one's own position. Before conducting a discussion, students must be thoroughly prepared both in content and formally and have at least two opposing opinions on the issue under discussion.
5. Lecture– monologue way of presenting voluminous material. The advantage of a lecture is the ability to ensure the completeness and integrity of students’ perception of educational material in its logical mediation and relationships on the topic as a whole.
A school lecture can also be used to review the material covered ( overview lecture).
6. Working with a textbook, book- the most important teaching method.
Techniques for independent work with printed sources: note-taking; drawing up a text plan; citation; annotation; peer review; preparation of a certificate; drawing up a matrix of ideas – comparative characteristics homogeneous objects, phenomena in the works of different authors.
Selection of teaching methods
Selection of teaching methods cannot be arbitrary.
In pedagogical science, based on the study and generalization of the practical experience of teachers, certain approaches to the choice of teaching methods have developed depending on various combinations of specific circumstances and conditions of the educational process.
Choice teaching methods depends:
– from the general goals of education, upbringing and development of students and the leading principles of modern didactics;
– features of the content and methods of this science and the subject or topic being studied;
– features of the teaching methodology of a specific academic discipline and the requirements for the selection of general didactic methods determined by its specificity;
– goals, objectives and content of the material of a specific lesson;
– time allotted for studying this or that material;
– age characteristics students;
– the level of their real cognitive capabilities;
– level of students’ preparedness (education, upbringing and development);
– characteristics of the class team;
– external conditions (geographical, industrial environment);
– material equipment educational institution, availability of equipment, visual aids, technical means;
– the capabilities and characteristics of the teacher, the level of theoretical and practical preparedness, methodological skills, his personal qualities.
When using a set of these circumstances and conditions, the teacher makes a number of decisions in one order or another: on the choice of verbal, visual or practical methods, reproductive or search methods for managing independent work, methods of control and self-control.
Thus, depending on the didactic goal, when the task of acquiring new knowledge by students comes to the fore, the teacher decides whether in this case he will present this knowledge himself; does he organize the students’ acquisition by organizing independent work, etc. In the first case, it may be necessary to prepare students for listening to the teacher’s presentation, and then he gives the students the task of either conducting certain preliminary observations or preliminary reading of the required material. During the presentation itself, the teacher can use either an informational presentation-message or a problematic presentation (reasoning, dialogical). At the same time, when presenting new material, the teacher systematically refers to the material that students received in their preliminary independent work. The teacher's presentation is accompanied by a demonstration of natural objects, their images, experiments, experiments, etc. At the same time, students make certain notes, graphs, diagrams, etc. The totality of these intermediate decisions constitutes one holistic decision on the choice of a certain combination of teaching methods.
In modern conditions, an important tool for teachers when choosing optimal teaching methods is becoming Personal Computer. It helps the teacher to “filter” methods depending on specific learning conditions and choose those paths that satisfy predetermined criteria.
Current problems of modern education.
The domestic system of education, as well as the state of Russian pedagogy as a whole, today is usually characterized as a crisis and a whole range of pressing problems is identified in it.
First of all, this is a problem related to the search for ways to revive in Russian society the feeling of true patriotism as a spiritual, moral and social value. The feeling of patriotism is unthinkable without national identity, based on a feeling of spiritual connection with one’s native people. Historical experience shows that ignorance of the culture of one’s people, their past and present leads to the destruction of the connection between generations - the connection of times, which causes irreparable damage to the development of man and the people as a whole. Because of this, there is an acute need to revive and develop the national self-awareness of all, even the smallest peoples of Russia. This is the meaning of the existence of the Russian school, its activities in line with revival of spiritual traditions of national education.
Russian Federation- a country in which different peoples, nationalities, ethnic and religious groups live. For many decades, education was based on the idea of rapprochement, merging of nations and the creation of a nationless community. Modern Russian society lives in conditions of particularly heightened social anxiety, since clashes in everyday life, public transport, and trade are easily transferred to interethnic relations. The explosion of national discord prompts us to analyze the origins of such phenomena, to understand their causes - and not only socio-economic, but also pedagogical. Because of this, the problem becomes particularly relevant formation of a culture of interethnic communication as an effective means of achieving agreement between people, representatives of different nations and nationalities.
The reality of modern Russian society is the fact that more and more nations and nationalities are declaring complete independence, and Russia is being filled with refugees from all the republics of the former Union. At the same time, there is an increase in extremism, aggressiveness, expansion of conflict zones and conflict situations. These social phenomena especially affect young people, who are characterized by maximalism and the desire for simple and quick solutions to complex problems. social problems. In these conditions, the problems of forming the ethics of student behavior in a multinational environment acquire paramount importance. education of interethnic tolerance. The activities of all social institutions and, first of all, schools should be aimed at solving this problem. It is in the school community that a child can and should develop humanistic values and a real readiness for tolerant behavior.
Social development trends characteristic of today's Russian reality have updated problem of family education. The large-scale crisis that has gripped our country has negatively affected the material and moral health of the family as an institution of natural biological and social protection child and exposed many social problems (an increase in the number of children born out of wedlock; social disorganization of families; material and housing difficulties of parents; unhealthy relationships between loved ones; weakness of moral principles and negative phenomena associated with the degradation of an adult’s personality - alcoholism, drug addiction, malicious evasion from the responsibilities of raising a child). As a consequence of this, the number of dysfunctional families is growing.
A clear manifestation of family dysfunction is the increase in violence against children, which has many forms - from emotional and moral pressure to the use of physical force. According to statistics, about two million children under the age of 14 suffer annually from parental abuse. Every tenth of them dies, and two thousand commit suicide. Because of this, the search for ways to increase the effectiveness of family education is named among the priority areas of the Federal Target Program “Children of Russia” (2003–2006), which puts the solution to this problem among the priorities in pedagogical theory and practice.
These, from our point of view, are the most actual problems modern education, on the successful solution of which the fate of the younger generation and the nation as a whole depends.
3. The concept of “pedagogical design”, the history of its development.
Under pedagogical design refers to the preliminary development of the main parts, details that are necessary for the further activities of students and teachers.
Pedagogical design is used by every teacher and is his main and significant function. This can be explained by the fact that it is organizational, gnostic (search for content, methods, means of interaction with students) and, of course, communicative.
Pedagogical technology is understood as a sequential movement that is continuous and all components, stages, states, processes, phenomena, participants in this movement are interconnected.
Let's consider the history of the development of pedagogical design and technology. Design disciplines, such as systems engineering, operations research method, decision theory, network planning, ergonomics, technical aesthetics, became the beginning of the development of educational technology and design. All these disciplines were built on the basis of design theories that in one way or another connect technology and humans.
In domestic pedagogy, the founder of the theory and practice of pedagogical design can rightfully be considered A.S. Makarenko, who viewed the educational process as a uniquely organized “pedagogical production.” A.S. Makarenko was against the disorganized process of education, the consequence of this was his proposal to develop a unified system of education, and ultimately he became the developer of pedagogical technology. Because A.S. Makarenko participated in the development of the education system, his proposal was to combine and improve such concepts as:
– discipline technique;
– technique of conversation between teacher and student;
– self-government technique;
- technique of punishment.
To design in a person, a pupil of the best, the formation of a strong and
In highly developed countries, the world of schoolchildren is overflowing with things - many have video games, video, audio equipment, their own computer, etc. The abundance of things gives rise to new problems in education. Children's participation in specific work activities is becoming less common. The daily life of a student changes. It is regulated by the routine of school activities, which are becoming more and more intense and intense. Against this background, children's companies break up, and the child's loneliness intensifies. Children carry the burden of internal instability and are closed in on themselves.
Puberty becomes earlier. Infantile tendencies are intensifying among children and adolescents: lack of independence, poor experience of social life.
It is difficult to overestimate the role of the family in the education of schoolchildren.
Errors in family education:
A) Firstly, the exceptional, irreplaceable role of the family in shaping the personality of children is not realized.
b) secondly, there is a REPLACEMENT of education with edifications, teachings, and the communication of rules that must be remembered and unconditionally followed.
c) thirdly, the inability and fear to compete with consumer fashion, group norms of the microenvironment, to resist their pressure when necessary and to form in children a position of consciously opposing its negative aspect.
d) fourthly, the inability and fear to discuss with children pressing issues of the past and present of the country, the guilt of society for a significant part of abnormal manifestations among minors and youth.
e) fifthly, self-isolation from interaction with other institutions of social education (kindergarten, school)
Errors associated with misconceptions about the place of children in the lives of parents and the principles of interaction with them:
Parents often build relationships with their children on the basis of overprotection
Many negative consequences for children and parents stem from failures to balance trust, respect, and control. But monitoring children alone does not solve the problem.
Parents' influence on children's behavior in conflict situations:
Family parenting style
Parents' own behavior in various difficult situations
In connection with these problems, education based on cooperation and partnership is becoming increasingly popular. Schools should employ specialist psychologists. It is necessary to increase the conflict management level of teachers. Develop new methods of teaching children at school and raising them at home. It is necessary to improve school programs and conduct special classes on moral education.
Current provisions of educational concepts:
Implementation of the ideas of humanization and humanitarization;
Creating conditions for the development of human creative abilities;
Comprehensive and harmonious development personalities;
Socialization of the personality of a Russian citizen;
Formation of a viable individuality, humanistically oriented towards society and oneself;
Becoming a socially active, resilient personality;
Formation of an individual capable of living in a new democratic society;
Formation of a harmoniously developed personality, ready and capable of fully fulfilling the system of social roles;
Revival of the intellectual, spiritual and creative potential of the nation, education of free citizens with a developed creative attitude towards the world, capable of productive transformative activities and life creativity.
Rules for the teacher (humanistic paradigm):
1. Show trust in children.
2. Help children become aware of themselves, their interests, inclinations, abilities, needs,
3. Assume that children are motivated to learn.
4. Act as a source of expertise for students on all issues.
5. Have the ability to understand, feel the inner state, personality of the student and accept it.
6. Be an active participant in group interaction, academic and extracurricular work, and communication.
7. Openly express your feelings in a group, be able to add a personal touch to teaching.
8. Have a style of informal, warm communication with students.
9. Have positive self-esteem, show emotional balance, self-confidence, and cheerfulness.
Any heart, even the most callous, is responsive to goodness, a child’s - doubly so
In the modern situation of sociocultural and economic life, the problems of educating the younger generation have become particularly relevant. Attention to the problems of education has increased on the part of the state, educational authorities, and pedagogical science. But despite this, the entire society expresses dissatisfaction with the state of education of modern youth.
It is known that the social experience of past generations plays a significant role in education. For more than 70 years, Russia was a closed country; only a few of its residents spoke a foreign language well, had the opportunity to travel abroad, read various foreign literature, and communicate with foreigners. Now the situation has changed radically. For Russians, especially young ones, since “youth are the children of our turbulent times,” the world is becoming more and more open. They not only visit other countries, but study and work there. They, like a sponge, absorb new values, assimilate customs and traditions. different nations. The accessibility of other cultures creates conditions not only for a person’s identification with other cultures, which allows him to better understand, assimilate and accept the values, traditions, customs of another culture, but also contributes to the isolation of a person from other cultures, puts him in a situation of correlation with them, the latter contributes and better understanding of one's own national culture. But not only high-level culture becomes available, but also mass culture, which includes low-level samples. They are sometimes more desirable for modern children and youth and are easier to learn. In this regard, questions arise. Which youth will determine the path of social development in the 21st century? Who and how should solve the problems of raising children today? What ideals and principles determine or should determine the educational goals and organization of educational work with children, adolescents and youth?
These and other questions are for the family, for the education system, for public organizations, for other social institutions, for science and practice. They are discussed and decided at the federal and regional levels, at the level of municipalities, specific educational institutions and teaching teams. As a priority, the question of organizing educational work is faced by those who are destined to manage the social sphere, in particular, the education system.
Raising children, in the narrow sense of the word, is defined as the process of purposeful formation of personality, worldview, moral character, and certain character traits. At the same time, as a rule, we are talking either about family education, or about the purposeful activities of teachers, their educational work in the conditions of institutions and organizations different types, types and departments Education as public relations, in which some people directly or indirectly, directly or indirectly influence others in order to purposefully form or change their certain personal qualities and forms of behavior (sp, Barinov).
Education, as one of the components that make up the process of socialization of children, adolescents and young people, occurs today in unusually contradictory conditions. Family education has been weakened. Negative phenomena in life have a detrimental effect on the formation of the new generation.
The problem of educating patriotism in modern Russia one of the most acute and complex. Today, not many people are true patriots. In the 90s of the last century, Russia experienced both important positive changes and negative phenomena that were inevitable during a period of major socio-political changes. The collapse of the USSR, economic failures, the decline of the country's authority in the world, criticism and unfriendly policies from many Western countries, local armed conflicts also do not contribute to the formation of patriotic feelings. These phenomena had a negative impact on public morality, civic consciousness, on people's attitude towards society, the state, law and work, on the attitude of man to man.
In Russian society, there has begun to be a lack of principles and rules of life consciously accepted by the majority of citizens; there is no agreement on issues of correct and constructive social behavior and the choice of life guidelines.
Therefore, the key task of modern Russian education is to ensure spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a Russian citizen.
New Russian comprehensive school becomes the most important factor ensuring the sociocultural modernization of Russian society, therefore the spiritual and moral development of the individual, the education of patriotism is one of the main guidelines of modern education.
Studying at school is one of the most important stages in a person’s life. As a rule, school becomes a “second home” for a child. And it is here that he is instilled with such important human qualities as honesty, integrity, collectivism, respect for representatives of the older generation, courage, love for his people and his Motherland, courage. No less importance is also given to respect for one’s own family, parents and family traditions, because a harmonious, loving family is a unit of a highly moral, successful and prosperous society. It is at school that the foundation is laid for social activity, which is aimed at serving the interests of the Motherland. Here children realize the importance of honest work and learn to perceive it as the main key to achieving success in life. Also within the spiritual- moral education students should receive a positive attitude towards a healthy lifestyle and take an active position in issues that concern their health. And, of course, get the full...
My work, as a class teacher, is based on considering the issues of instilling patriotism in schoolchildren through involving students in the system of collective creative activities.
Collective activity “contributes to the formation of processes of decentralization of the child, i.e. the ability to be in the position of another person, to see the situation through his eyes,” develops the ability to empathize and sympathize. Patriotism is a feeling and an established position of loyalty to one’s country and solidarity with its people.
Patriotic feelings and love for the Motherland develop in high school students in close connection with those new formations that are inherent in this age stage: the desire for heroism, the thirst for achievement in life, the need for self-affirmation, finding one’s place in a group of peers, recognition of comrades, orientation towards the demands of the team and increased attention and self-demandingness, greater social activity.
Civil work patriotic education carried out through the organization of training sessions, extracurricular and extracurricular activities. The main form of educational work remains the lesson, which in the educational system becomes an educational complex where educational influences are integrated into the holistic educational process. Therefore, to increase the educational nature of training, it is advisable to:
Strengthen the humanitarian orientation of all educational disciplines: include in traditional subjects material that helps children understand themselves, the motives of their behavior, relationships with others, and design their lives.
Use active forms and methods educational activities, its openness, the variety of educational and methodological materials, forms and techniques of educational and extracurricular work that develop knowledge and skills that increase the social and cultural competence of the individual.
The educational system covers the entire pedagogical process, integrating educational activities, extracurricular life of children, various activities and communication, the influence of the social and subject-aesthetic environment.
The moral education of schoolchildren and youth has become a constant, acute problem against the backdrop of the intensive development of the media. The media play a special role in the process of globalization. We can say that they provide him with information. It is with the help of the media that a person not only receives information about the world, other countries, peoples, their culture, but also becomes a virtual participant in the main events taking place in a particular country. Unfortunately, the media do not always present the best examples of world culture to people. Much more often we deal with mass culture, with its worst examples, and this is especially true of domestic television. Raising a moral person against such a background is quite difficult. Another essential component of moral education is the development of humanistic value relationships of the individual to the world, to people, to himself. Thus, humanism should be the ideology of modern education. Moral education can be based on the following values: person, family, Fatherland, Earth, peace, work, culture, knowledge (V.A. Karakovsky).
But since we are talking about humanistic values, it is necessary to pay more attention to the fundamental value of humanism - the value of man. For a child, it manifests itself in two forms: as the value of another person and as the value of one’s own.
I would like to note, no matter how well conducted cool watch According to patriotic education, no matter how much the school does, the strongest foundation of the worldview is laid in the family. Parents can also do a lot to develop a sense of patriotism in their children. Go with them on a tour of interesting historical places in the country, tell them about the exploits of their great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers during the war, show photos from the family archive. Some parents may invite their child to watch an interesting documentary about historical events, others will show how much joy can be gained by sharing clothes or other things with orphans and disabled children. All these small steps towards the formation of a great personality are of great importance. Patriotic education of children should take place both at school and outside its walls, in the family circle. Only in this case will the child be able to realize its significance and adopt the most important moral, cultural and civic values....
Bibliography
1. Selivanova N. " Contemporary issues education in educational institutions" Educational work at school No. 5, 2012;
2. Grishchenko V.N. Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences “Modern practice of education in an educational institution” Innovative projects and programs in education No. 3, 2010
